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Hagedorn HJ, Noorbaloochi S, Simon AB, Bangerter A, Stitzer ML, Stetler CB, Kivlahan D. Rewarding early abstinence in Veterans Health Administration addiction clinics. Journal of substance abuse treatment. 2013 Jul 1; 45(1):109-17.
This study investigates the addition of a contingency management (CM) intervention to Veterans Health Administration substance use disorders treatment on during- and post-treatment outcomes for Veterans diagnosed with alcohol dependence only (n = 191) or stimulant dependence (n = 139). Participants were randomly assigned to 8weeks of usual care or usual care plus CM. Follow-up assessments occurred at 2, 6 and 12months. In the alcohol dependent subgroup, CM participants submitted significantly more negative samples (13 versus 11 samples, Cohen's d = 0.54), were retained significantly longer (7 versus 6weeks, d = 0.47), achieved significantly longer median durations of abstinence (16 versus 9 consecutive visits; median difference = 7, 95% CI = 4-8), and submitted significantly more negative samples at follow-ups (unstandardized effect size = 0.669, se = 0.2483) compared to usual care participants. Intervention effects were non-significant for the stimulant dependent subgroup. The study provides support for the effectiveness of CM interventions for alcohol dependent patients.