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Dopamine agonists and risk of lung cancer in patients with restless legs syndrome.

Hernandez-Con P, Shults J, Willis AW, Yang YX. Dopamine agonists and risk of lung cancer in patients with restless legs syndrome. Pharmacoepidemiology and drug safety. 2023 Jul 1; 32(7):726-734.

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Abstract:

PURPOSE: To examine the association between long-term use of dopamine agonists (DAs) and the risk of lung cancer in patients with restless legs syndrome (RLS). METHODS: We conducted a retrospective cohort study using Optum Clinformatics® database. We included adults = 40?years diagnosed with RLS during the study period (1/2006-12/2016). Follow-up started with the first RLS diagnosis and ended on the earliest of: incident diagnosis of lung cancer, end of enrollment in the database or end of the study period. The exposure of interest was cumulative duration of DAs use, measured in a time-varying manner. We constructed a multivariable Cox regression model to estimate HRs and 95% CIs for the association between lung cancer and cumulative durations of DA use, adjusting for potential confounding variables. RESULTS: We identified 295?042 patients with a diagnosis of RLS. The mean age of the cohort was 62.9; 66.6% were women and 82.3% were white. The prevalence of any DA exposure was 40.3%. Compared to the reference group (no use and = 1 year), the crude HRs for lung cancer were 1.16 (95% CI 0.99-1.36) and 1.14 (95% CI 0.86-1.51) for 1-3?years and > 3?years of cumulative DA use, respectively. The adjusted HR for lung cancer was 1.05 (95% CI 0.88-1.25) for 1-3?years and 1.02 (95% CI 0.76-1.37) for > 3?years of cumulative DA use, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: At typical doses for the clinical management of RLS, long-term DA use was not associated with risk of lung cancer.




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