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Dunn NJ, Yanasak E, Schillaci J, Simotas S, Rehm LP, Souchek J, Menke T, Ashton C, Hamilton JD. Personality disorders in veterans with posttraumatic stress disorder and depression. Journal of traumatic stress. 2004 Feb 1; 17(1):75-82.
Little is known about the frequency of the full-range of personality disorders in outpatients with concurrent posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and depression, a common and oftentimes treatment-resistant combination in clinical practice. In a group therapy outcome study, Axis I and II diagnoses were assessed with the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV and the Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale to select 115 male combat veterans with PTSD and depressive disorder. Within this sample, 52 (45.2%) had one or more personality disorders--most commonly paranoid (17.4%), obsessive-compulsive (16.5%), avoidant (12.2%), and borderline (8.7%)--and 19 (16.5%) had two or more. Documenting a substantial frequency of personality disorders is a first step in devising appropriate interventions for this treatment-resistant combination of disorders.