BACKGROUND/RATIONALE:
We have previously shown (IIR 95-045) that teledermatology, using store and forward technology, can result in reliable and accurate diagnostic outcomes when compared to clinic-based dermatology consultations. This investigation builds on that fundamental diagnostic information by assessing the health services implications of a teledermatology consult system.

OBJECTIVE(S):
To investigate health services outcomes related to teledermatology implementation. Outcomes of interest were time to diagnosis and treatment initiation, the proportion of patients that avoided the need for a clinic-based encounter, and an economic analysis.

METHODS:
Patients referred from the primary care clinics to the dermatology consult service were randomized to either usual care or a teledermatology consultation. A usual care consultation consisted a conventional text-based electronic consult request. A teledermatology consultation included digital images and a standardized history, in addition to the electronic text-based consult. Consultant dermatologists, reviewing the consult requests for both modalities, decided when, and if, a referral required a clinic-based evaluation.

FINDINGS/RESULTS:
Two hundred seventy-five patients were randomized; 135 to teledermatology and 140 to usual care. The median time to diagnosis and treatment initiation in the usual care arm was 127 days compared to 41 days in the teledermatology arm (p = 0.0001) for the intervention to treat analysis and was 137.5 versus 50 days, respectively (p = 0.0027) for the actual visit analysis. In the teledermatology arm, 18.5% of the patients were not scheduled for a clinic visit. From the VA perspective, teledermatology was cost-effective for decreasing the time required for patients to reach a time to diagnosis and treatment initiation. Cost-effectiveness ratios ranged from $0.12-$0.17 per patient day of time to diagnosis and treatment initiation saved.

IMPACT:
Teledermatology consult systems can result in significantly shorter times to diagnosis and treatment initiation for patients compared to traditional consult modalities and, in some cases, the need for a clinic-based visit can be avoided. Teledermatology can achieve these outcomes in a cost-effective manner.

---

External Links for this Project

---

PUBLICATIONS:

Journal Articles

1. Whited JD, Datta S, Hall RP, Foy ME, Marbrey LE, Grambow SC, Dudley TK, Simel DL, Oddone EZ. An economic analysis of a store and forward teledermatology consult system. Telemedicine journal and e-health : the official journal of the American Telemedicine Association. 2003 Apr 1; 9(4):351-60. [view]
2. Whited JD, Hall RP, Foy ME, Marbrey LE, Grambow SC, Dudley TK, Datta SK, Simel DL, Oddone EZ. Patient and clinician satisfaction with a store-and-forward teledermatology consult system. Telemedicine journal and e-health : the official journal of the American Telemedicine Association. 2004 Oct 1; 10(4):422-31. [view]
3. Whited JD. Teledermatology research review. International Journal of Dermatology. 2006 Mar 1; 45(3):220-9. [view]
4. Whited JD. Teledermatology. The Medical Clinics of North America. 2015 Nov 1; 99(6):1365-79, xiv. [view]
5. Whited JD. Teledermatology. Current status and future directions. American journal of clinical dermatology. 2001 Feb 1; 2(2):59-64. [view]
6. Whited JD, Hall RP, Foy ME, Marbrey LE, Grambow SC, Dudley TK, Datta S, Simel DL, Oddone EZ. Teledermatology's impact on time to intervention among referrals to a dermatology consult service. Telemedicine journal and e-health : the official journal of the American Telemedicine Association. 2002 Jul 1; 8(3):313-21. [view]
7. Pak H, Triplett CA, Lindquist J, Grambow S, Whited JD. The effect of store-and-forward teledermatology on clinical course. International Journal of Dermatology. 2006 Mar 1; 45(3):220-9. [view]
8. Whited JD. The quality of telemedicine research. Journal of telemedicine and telecare. 2006 Apr 1; 12(6):271-3. [view]

Conference Presentations

1. Whited JD. A teledermatology paradigm for evaluating telemedicine. Paper presented at: VA Career Development Award Program Annual Conference; 2003 Feb 12; Washington, DC. [view]
2. Whited JD. Cost-effectiveness of a store and forward teledermatology consult system. Paper presented at: American Telemedicine Association Annual Meeting; 2003 Apr 29; Orlando, FL. [view]
3. Whited JD. Teledermatology's Impact on Time Diagnosis and Treatment Initiative. Paper presented at: American Telemedicine Association Annual Meeting; 2002 Jun 3; Los Angeles, CA. [view]

DRA: Health Systems
DRE: Epidemiology, Technology Development and Assessment
Keywords: Telemedicine
MeSH Terms: Randomized Controlled Trials, Telemedicine, Dermatology