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Right Ventricular Ejection Fraction and Beta-Blocker Effect in Heart Failure With Reduced Ejection Fraction.

Lam PH, Keramida K, Filippatos GS, Gupta N, Faselis C, Deedwania P, George B, Iskandrian A, Cleland JG, Choudhary G, Wu WC, Morgan CJ, Fonarow GC, Ahmed A. Right Ventricular Ejection Fraction and Beta-Blocker Effect in Heart Failure With Reduced Ejection Fraction. Journal of cardiac failure. 2022 Jan 1; 28(1):65-70.

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Abstract:

BACKGROUND: A low right ventricular ejection fraction (RVEF) is a marker of poor outcomes in patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF). Beta-blockers improve outcomes in HFrEF, but whether this effect is modified by RVEF is unknown. METHODS AND RESULTS: Of the 2798 patients in Beta-Blocker Evaluation of Survival Trial (BEST), 2008 had data on baseline RVEF (mean 35%, median 34%). Patients were categorized into an RVEF of less than 35% (n? = 1012) and an RVEF of 35% or greater (n? = 996). We estimated hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) within each RVEF subgroup and formally tested for interactions between bucindolol and RVEF. The effect of bucindolol on all-cause mortality in 2008 patients with baseline RVEF (HR 0.88, 95% CI 0.75-1.02) is consistent with that in 2798 patients in the main trial (HR 0.90, 95% CI 0.78-1.02). Bucindolol use was associated with a lower risk of all-cause mortality in patients with an RVEF of 35% or greater (HR 0.70, 95% CI 0.55-0.89), but not in those with an RVEF of less than 35% (HR 1.02, 95% CI 0.83-1.24, P for interaction? = .022). Similar variations were observed for cardiovascular mortality (P for interaction? = .009) and sudden cardiac death (P for interaction? = .018), but not for pump failure death (P for interaction? = .371) or HF hospitalization (P for interaction? = .251). CONCLUSIONS: The effect of bucindolol on mortality in patients with HFrEF was modified by the baseline RVEF. If these hypothesis-generating findings can be replicated using approved beta-blockers in contemporary patients with HFrEF, then RVEF may help to risk stratify patients with HFrEF for optimization of beta-blocker therapy.





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