A Coaching by Telephone Intervention on Engaging Patients to Address Modifiable Cardiovascular Risk Factors: a Randomized Controlled Trial.

Oddone EZ, Gierisch JM, Sanders LL, Fagerlin A, Sparks J, McCant F, May C, Olsen MK, Damschroder LJ. A Coaching by Telephone Intervention on Engaging Patients to Address Modifiable Cardiovascular Risk Factors: a Randomized Controlled Trial. Journal of general internal medicine. 2018 Sep 1; 33(9):1487-1494.

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• CRE 12-288 – Will Veterans Engage in Prevention after HRA-guided Shared Decision Making?

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Abstract:

BACKGROUND: A large proportion of deaths and chronic illnesses can be attributed to three modifiable risk factors: tobacco use, overweight/obesity, and physical inactivity. OBJECTIVE: To test whether telephone-based health coaching after completion of a comprehensive health risk assessment (HRA) increases patient activation and enrollment in a prevention program compared to HRA completion alone. DESIGN: Two-arm randomized trial at three sites. SETTING: Primary care clinics at Veterans Affairs facilities. PARTICIPANTS: Four hundred seventeen veterans with at least one modifiable risk factor (BMI? = 30, < 150 min of at least moderate physically activity per week, or current smoker). INTERVENTION: Participants completed an online HRA. Intervention participants received two telephone-delivered health coaching calls at 1 and 4 weeks to collaboratively set goals to enroll in, and attend structured prevention programs designed to reduce modifiable risk factors. MEASUREMENTS: Primary outcome was enrollment in a structured prevention program by 6 months. Secondary outcomes were Patient Activation Measure (PAM) and Framingham Risk Score (FRS). RESULTS: Most participants were male (85%), white (50%), with a mean age of 56. Participants were eligible, because their BMI was = 30 (80%), they were physically inactive (50%), and/or they were current smokers (39%). When compared to HLA only at 6 months, health coaching intervention participants reported higher rates of enrollment in a prevention program, 51 vs 29% (OR? = 2.5; 95% CI: 1.7, 3.9; p? < 0.0001), higher rates of program participation, 40 vs 23% (OR? = 2.3; 95% CI: 1.5, 3.6; p? = 0.0004), and greater improvement in PAM scores, mean difference 2.5 (95% CI: 0.2, 4.7; p? = 0.03), but no change in FRS scores, mean difference 0.7 (95% CI -?0.7, 2.2; p? = 0.33). CONCLUSIONS: Brief telephone health coaching after completing an online HRA increased patient activation and increased enrollment in structured prevention programs to improve health behaviors. CLINICALTRIALS. GOV IDENTIFIER: NCT01828567.